{"id":1067,"date":"2025-10-10T13:53:33","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T17:53:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cimpn-rcpmi.ca\/irish-famine-and-canada-la-migration-irlandaise-vers-le-canada-pendant-la-grande-famine\/"},"modified":"2026-06-08T15:15:39","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T19:15:39","slug":"irish-famine-and-canada-la-migration-irlandaise-vers-le-canada-pendant-la-grande-famine","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cimpn-rcpmi.ca\/fr\/irish-famine-and-canada-la-migration-irlandaise-vers-le-canada-pendant-la-grande-famine\/","title":{"rendered":"Irish Famine and Canada &#8211; La migration irlandaise vers le Canada pendant la Grande Famine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00a0\u00bboff|off|off\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_close=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; sticky_enabled=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<h1>Irish Famine and Canada &#8211; La migration irlandaise vers le Canada pendant la Grande Famine<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"1\" cellspacing=\"3\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\" width=\"50%\">\n<p>Irish social and economic decline after the Act of Union in 1800, a potato blight, and the ensuing spread of infectious disease created Ireland\u2019s greatest human tragedy in its modern history. In 1841 the population of Ireland was just over eight million, by the late 1850s it was just over five million. At least one million Irish died and at least 1.5 million emigrated to Great Britain, the United States, Australia, and British North America. The Famine period, 1845-1852, marked the high-water mark of Irish migration to British North America. In 1847, alone, at least 110,000 Irish left Irish and British ports for Quebec (90,000), Saint John, (17,000), and Halifax (2,000). BNA ports became more desirable to ship owners and some landlords because fares were cheaper than to the United States, health standards upon disembarkation were looser or non-existent, and ports were less punitive financially about landing potentially sick passengers.<\/p>\n<p>Although there is a popular myth that America closed its ports, the evidence suggests that 119,000 Irish migrants landed in US ports in \u201cBlack \u201947. It should be noted that in the United States the Famine migration marked the rapid increase in Irish immigration, whereas in Canada and the other British colonies, Irish migration rapidly dropped and paled in significance to the preferred destinations in the United States after 1847. Given the prominence of Irish migration to British North America prior to 1846, Famine migration did not significantly alter pre-Famine settlement patterns, except in a few cities like Hamilton and Toronto. In fact, many Famine migrants to Canada simply used the British colony as a way station on route to the United States. It should also be noted that although there were high numbers of Irish Catholics among the Famine refugees, there were also Irish Protestants. In Toronto, for example, approximately 20 per cent of the 1,124 Irish dead, in 1847, were Protestants. At Quebec, of the 700 Famine Orphans accommodated and placed in Canadian families, at least 100 were Protestant.<\/p>\n<p>The loss of life during the Famine migration was particularly shocking. Of the 110,000 who set out for British North America, some 20% either died at sea, in quarantine stations, at makeshift fever hospitals, or in their places of sojourn. The quarantine stations at Grosse Ile, near Quebec, and Partridge Island, in Saint John Harbour, were simply overwhelmed in 1847, and were unprepared for the huge numbers of migrants who suffered from typhus (\u201cships fever\u201d), dysentery, and in some cases smallpox.<\/p>\n<p>At Partridge Island, 600 were buried on the island, and between 1845 and 1848 the death toll exceeded 2000 at New Brunswick\u2019s principal quarantine station. At Grosse Ile, over 5,000 migrants died and were buried on the Island. Because the symptoms of typhus do not appear until after a week after one having been infected, suspected healthy migrants were allowed to move inland with disastrous results. Emigrant hospitals and hastily erected fever sheds in cities and towns in the interior of Canada soon became the foci of pestilence and death. Hundreds died at the Marine hospital in Quebec City; close to 6,000 were buried near the fever sheds at Point St. Charles at the western edge of Montreal; nearly 2,000 died and were buried in Kingston, and in Toronto, 1,124 of the over 38,000 migrants who landed there died before the end of January 1848.<\/p>\n<p>The loss of life and the powerful images of Black \u201947 in Canada, left an indelible mark on the popular historical memory. Even though Irish migration to the region prior to 1846 had been robust, religiously mixed, catalytic in establishing civil, social, and ecclesiastical infrastructure, Canadians and the Irish themselves, would often read the Irish experiences in Canada through the lens of the Famine.<\/p>\n<p>For further information on both visit: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalfamineway.ie\/\">www.nationalfamineway.ie<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\" width=\"50%\"><ple d=\"\">\n<p>En 1841, l&rsquo;Irlande comptait un peu plus de huit millions d&rsquo;habitants; \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1850, elle n&rsquo;en comptait plus que cinq millions. On estime qu&rsquo;au moins un million d&rsquo;Irlandais\u00b7e\u00b7s sont mort\u00b7e\u00b7s et que plus d&rsquo;un million et demi ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Grande-Bretagne, aux \u00c9tats-Unis, en Australie et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique. La p\u00e9riode de la Famine, de 1845 \u00e0 1852, a \u00e9t\u00e9 le point culminant de l&rsquo;\u00e9migration irlandaise vers l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord. En 1847 seulement, au moins 110 000 Irlandais\u00b7e\u00b7s ont quitt\u00e9 les ports irlandais et britanniques pour le Qu\u00e9bec (90 000), Saint-Jean (17&nbsp;000) et Halifax (2&nbsp;000). Les ports de l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique \u00e9taient alors plus attrayants pour les armateurs, ainsi que pour certains propri\u00e9taires, en raison des tarifs moins \u00e9lev\u00e9s qu&rsquo;aux \u00c9tats-Unis, des normes sanitaires moins strictes (voire inexistantes) au moment du d\u00e9barquement, et du fait que les ports \u00e9taient moins s\u00e9v\u00e8res, sur le plan financier, en ce qui concernait le d\u00e9barquement de passagers susceptibles d&rsquo;\u00eatre malades.<\/p>\n<p>Bien qu&rsquo;il existe un mythe r\u00e9pandu selon lequel l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique aurait ferm\u00e9 ses ports, les donn\u00e9es sugg\u00e8rent que 119&nbsp;000 migrant\u00b7e\u00b7s irlandais\u00b7e\u00b7 ont accost\u00e9 dans les ports am\u00e9ricains durant la p\u00e9riode surnomm\u00e9e \u00ab&nbsp;Black &rsquo;47&nbsp;\u00bb (&rsquo;47 Noire). Il convient de noter qu&rsquo;aux \u00c9tats-Unis, la migration li\u00e9e \u00e0 la Famine a marqu\u00e9 une hausse rapide de l&rsquo;immigration irlandaise, tandis qu&rsquo;au Canada et dans les autres colonies britanniques, apr\u00e8s 1847, la migration irlandaise a rapidement chut\u00e9 et perdu de son importance par rapport aux destinations plus pris\u00e9es situ\u00e9es aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Compte tenu de l&rsquo;importance de l&rsquo;immigration irlandaise en Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique avant 1846, exception faite de quelques villes comme Hamilton et Toronto, les migrations li\u00e9es \u00e0 la Famine n&rsquo;ont pas eu d&rsquo;impact majeur sur les configurations de peuplement. En fait, de nombreux\u00b7ses migrants de la Famine au Canada ont simplement fait une escale dans la colonie britannique en route vers les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n<p>Par ailleurs, bien que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s de la Famine comptaient un grand nombre d&rsquo;Irlandais\u00b7es catholiques, on y trouvait aussi des Irlandais\u00b7es protestants. \u00c0 Toronto, par exemple, environ 20 % des 1 124 Irlandais\u00b7es d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s en 1847 \u00e9taient de confession protestante. Dans la ville de Qu\u00e9bec, sur les 700 orphelin\u00b7e\u00b7s de la Famine ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillis et plac\u00e9s dans des familles canadiennes, au moins 100 \u00e9taient protestant\u00b7e\u00b7s.<\/p>\n<p>La perte de vies humaines survenue lors de la migration de la Famine a \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement choquante. Sur les 110 000 personnes parties pour l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord britannique, environ 20 % sont mortes en mer, dans les stations de quarantaine, dans les h\u00f4pitaux de fortune ou sur leur lieu de s\u00e9jour. Les stations de quarantaine de Grosse-\u00cele, pr\u00e8s de Qu\u00e9bec, et de Partridge Island, dans le port de Saint-Jean, d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9bord\u00e9es en 1847, n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas pr\u00e9par\u00e9es \u00e0 accueillir un si grand nombre de migrant\u00b7e\u00b7s souffrant du typhus (\u00ab&nbsp;fi\u00e8vre des navires&nbsp;\u00bb), de la dysenterie et, dans certains cas, de la variole. \u00c0 Partridge Island, 600 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enterr\u00e9es sur l&rsquo;\u00eele et, entre 1845 et 1848, le nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s a d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les 2&nbsp;000 dans la principale station de quarantaine du Nouveau-Brunswick.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 Grosse-\u00cele, plus de 5 000 migrant\u00b7e\u00b7s sont d\u00e9c\u00e9de\u00b7e\u00b7s et ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enterr\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s sur l&rsquo;\u00eele. Les sympt\u00f4mes du typhus n&rsquo;apparaissant qu&rsquo;une semaine apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;infection, les migrant\u00b7e\u00b7s soup\u00e7onn\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s d&rsquo;\u00eatre en bonne sant\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 autoris\u00e9\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00e0 se d\u00e9placer vers l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur des terres, ce qui eut des cons\u00e9quences d\u00e9sastreuses. Les h\u00f4pitaux pour \u00e9migrant\u00b7e\u00b7s et ce qu&rsquo;on appelait des \u00absheds\u00bb (baraques), construits \u00e0 la h\u00e2te dans les villes et villages canadiens, devinrent rapidement des foyers de peste et de mort. Des centaines de personnes ont p\u00e9ri \u00e0 l&rsquo;h\u00f4pital de la Marine \u00e0 Qu\u00e9bec; pr\u00e8s de 6&nbsp;000 individus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enterr\u00e9s pr\u00e8s des baraques de Pointe-Saint-Charles, dans le sud-ouest de Montr\u00e9al; pr\u00e8s de 2 000 personnes sont mortes et ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enterr\u00e9es \u00e0 Kingston. \u00c0 Toronto, avant la fin du mois de janvier 1848, 1&nbsp;124 des plus de 38 000 migrant\u00b7e\u00b7s qui s&rsquo;y \u00e9taient rendu\u00b7e\u00b7s avaient perdu la vie.<\/p>\n<p>Les pertes humaines et les images bouleversantes de ce sombre \u00e9pisode ont laiss\u00e9 une trace ind\u00e9l\u00e9bile dans la m\u00e9moire collective canadienne. Bien que jusqu&rsquo;en 1846, la migration irlandaise dans la r\u00e9gion ait \u00e9t\u00e9 robuste, mixte sur le plan religieux et catalytique dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement d&rsquo;infrastructures civiles, sociales et eccl\u00e9siastiques, les Canadiens comme les Irlandais interpr\u00e9taient souvent l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience irlandaise au Canada \u00e0 travers le prisme de la Famine.<\/p>\n<p>Pour plus d&rsquo;information, visitez le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalfamineway.ie\">www.nationalfamineway.ie<\/a><\/p>\n<\/ple><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Irish Famine and Canada &#8211; La migration irlandaise vers le Canada pendant la Grande Famine Irish social and economic decline after the Act of Union in 1800, a potato blight, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_searchwp_excluded":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1067","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimpn-rcpmi.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimpn-rcpmi.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimpn-rcpmi.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimpn-rcpmi.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimpn-rcpmi.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1067"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cimpn-rcpmi.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1067\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimpn-rcpmi.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}